{"id":1469,"date":"2018-01-15T12:26:52","date_gmt":"2018-01-15T12:26:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/?page_id=1469"},"modified":"2020-08-17T04:07:20","modified_gmt":"2020-08-17T04:07:20","slug":"1469-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/?page_id=1469","title":{"rendered":"Case 2: Discoloration, Necrosis, Hole, Dark spot on Saccharina latissima"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:30px;margin-bottom: 70px;margin-top: 70px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 50px 0px 50px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h2>Case 2: Discoloration, Necrosis, Hole, Dark spot on<em> Saccharina latissima<\/em><\/h2>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first\" style=\"width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-1 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-content-boxes-1 .heading .content-box-heading {color:#4c5166;}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .heading-link .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .heading-link .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover:after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover:before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .icon .circle-no,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .heading .heading-link:hover .content-box-heading {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #25afb4;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .icon .circle-no {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box.link-area-box-hover .fusion-content-box-button {background: #00bcd4;color: #ffffff;}.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box.link-area-box-hover .fusion-content-box-button .fusion-button-text {color: #ffffff;}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .icon > span {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .icon > span {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper link-area-box icon-hover-animation-fade\" style=\"background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"border-color:#4c5166;border-width:0px;background-color:#4c5166;box-sizing:content-box;height:42px;width:42px;line-height:42px;border-radius:50%;color:#ffffff;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa fa-search circle-yes\"><\/i><\/div><h2 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.3;\">1st step: The disease report<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\" style=\"color:#747474;\">\n<p>Some Saccharina latissima blades are showing a variety of symptoms: some large area with some discoloration, necrosis and dark spot but also some holes. Those samples are from 2.5 years old S. latissima cultivated in Hjarn\u00f8 Hage, Denmark (55.819346, 10.127866) and have been reported by Teis Boderskov.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .heading-link:hover .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box:hover .heading-link .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .icon i.circle-yes {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-2 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-content-boxes-2 .heading .content-box-heading {color:#4c5166;}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .heading-link .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .heading-link .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover:after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover:before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .icon .circle-no,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .heading .heading-link:hover .content-box-heading {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #25afb4;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .icon .circle-no {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box.link-area-box-hover .fusion-content-box-button {background: #00bcd4;color: #ffffff;}.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box.link-area-box-hover .fusion-content-box-button .fusion-button-text {color: #ffffff;}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .icon > span {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .icon > span {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper link-area-box icon-hover-animation-fade\" style=\"background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"border-color:#4c5166;border-width:0px;background-color:#4c5166;box-sizing:content-box;height:42px;width:42px;line-height:42px;border-radius:50%;color:#ffffff;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa fa-flask circle-yes\"><\/i><\/div><h2 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.3;\">2nd step: What we have done with this sample<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\" style=\"color:#747474;\">\n<p><strong>a. Microscopy analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We made thin cross-sections (30um) of the 3 pieces of <em>Saccharina latissima <\/em>conserved in RNA later and then incubated them in different fluorescent stains for rapid detection of yeasts, fungi and parasitic organisms under microscope.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Molecular analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We use a part of the 3 samples dry material for molecular analysis i.e. DNA extraction follow by DNA amplification (18S ribosomal RNA) hoping for the pathogen identification.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .heading-link:hover .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box:hover .heading-link .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .icon i.circle-yes {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-3 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-content-boxes-3 .heading .content-box-heading {color:#4c5166;}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .heading-link .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .heading-link .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover:after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover:before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .icon .circle-no,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .heading .heading-link:hover .content-box-heading {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #25afb4;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .icon .circle-no {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box.link-area-box-hover .fusion-content-box-button {background: #00bcd4;color: #ffffff;}.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box.link-area-box-hover .fusion-content-box-button .fusion-button-text {color: #ffffff;}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .icon > span {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .icon > span {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper link-area-box icon-hover-animation-fade\" style=\"background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"border-color:#4c5166;border-width:0px;background-color:#4c5166;box-sizing:content-box;height:42px;width:42px;line-height:42px;border-radius:50%;color:#ffffff;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa fa-signal circle-yes\"><\/i><\/div><h2 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.3;\">3rd step: The results<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\" style=\"color:#747474;\">\n<p><strong>a. Microscopy analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One of the fluorescent staining (WGA-FITC) shows that the three samples are heavily infected by a fungus, how could be the pathogens responsible for the symptoms. The fungus is present everywhere in the blade but more concentrated in the medulla (md) than in the meristoderm (m) and in the cortex (co).<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Molecular analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On the 3 samples, the 2<sup>nd<\/sup> one shows the better DNA amplification that we used to hopefully identified the Fungi pathogens species. Sadly, the sequencing chromatogram shows some background noise probably due to the fact that we are working with environmental sample. Nevertheless, with the data that we obtain, we are able to show that the potential pathogens could belong to the <em>Lulworthiales<\/em> genus.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .heading-link:hover .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box:hover .heading-link .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-3 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .icon i.circle-yes {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-4 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-content-boxes-4 .heading .content-box-heading {color:#4c5166;}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .heading-link .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .heading-link .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover:after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover:before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .icon .circle-no,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .heading .heading-link:hover .content-box-heading {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #25afb4;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .icon .circle-no {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box.link-area-box-hover .fusion-content-box-button {background: #00bcd4;color: #ffffff;}.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box.link-area-box-hover .fusion-content-box-button .fusion-button-text {color: #ffffff;}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .icon > span {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .icon > span {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper link-area-box icon-hover-animation-fade\" style=\"background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"border-color:#4c5166;border-width:0px;background-color:#4c5166;box-sizing:content-box;height:42px;width:42px;line-height:42px;border-radius:50%;color:#ffffff;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa fa-envelope-o circle-yes\"><\/i><\/div><h2 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.3;\">4th step: Our feedback to you<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\" style=\"color:#747474;\">\n<p>The <em>Saccharina latissima<\/em> sporophytes showing some discoloration, dark spots, necrosis and holes seems to be highly colonised by a fungus. This potential pathogen could belong to the <em>Lulworthiales<\/em> genus, a group of marine Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes. They are typically found growing on submerged wood or on seaweed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .heading-link:hover .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box:hover .heading-link .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-4 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .icon i.circle-yes {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #25afb4 !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last\" style=\"width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-zoomin\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"864\" height=\"400\" title=\"mixa\" src=\"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/mixa.png\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-742\" srcset=\"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/mixa-300x139.png 300w, https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/mixa-768x356.png 768w, https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/mixa.png 864w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 864px) 100vw, 864px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p class=\"widget-title\" data-fontsize=\"32\" data-lineheight=\"44\">Saccharina latissima showing discoloration, necrosis, hole and dark spot on the full blade.<\/p>\n<p data-fontsize=\"32\" data-lineheight=\"44\">On the blade, 3 pieces of tissues were harvested and each conserved in one tube of RNALater and another one dry in silica gel.<\/p>\n<\/div><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"921\" height=\"664\" title=\"mix2\" src=\"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/mix2.png\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-745\" srcset=\"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/mix2-300x216.png 300w, https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/mix2-768x554.png 768w, https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/mix2.png 921w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 921px) 100vw, 921px\" \/><\/span><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"811\" title=\"case2-7\" src=\"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/case2-7-1024x811.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-746\" srcset=\"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/case2-7-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/case2-7-768x608.jpg 768w, https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/case2-7-1024x811.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/case2-7.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/span><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"811\" title=\"case2-8\" src=\"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/case2-8-1024x811.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-747\" srcset=\"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/case2-8-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/case2-8-768x608.jpg 768w, https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/case2-8-1024x811.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/case2-8.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1469","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1469"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1469\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3634,"href":"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1469\/revisions\/3634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalseaweed.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}